Introduction: Patient preferences for different anesthesia techniques are poorly understood. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between Patient preferences and some factors such as demographic data, history of previous surgery and anesthesia, and also the employed anesthesia techniques in adult Patients undergoing cataract surgery.Methods: In this cross-sectional descriptive study, 300 Patients scheduled for phacoemulsification were visited and informed about different anesthesia techniques using face-to-face and oral explanation the night before surgery. Demographic data and Patient preference for anesthesia techniques were recorded in questionnaire. After surgery, employed anesthesia techniques and the reasons for using were determined. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, correlation coefficient and X2 test.Results: This study showed no relationship between Patient preferences and demographic factors. There were significant differences between the frequency of Patient preferences and the employed anesthesia techniques (P=0.013).Discussion: In previous studies, a positive relation was reported between Patient preferences and the employed anesthesia techniques, although the present study did not address this fact. The routine procedures of anesthesia management in the operating room were the main reason for the observed difference.

Context: Breast cancer poses significant challenges due to its high incidence and prevalence, necessitating heightened attention. Understanding how Patients prioritize different treatment options based on various attributes can assist healthcare decision-makers in maximizing Patient utility. The discrete choice experiment, a conjoint method, facilitates preference elicitation by presenting different attributes and choices. This systematic review aims to identify key factors in Patient preference research related to adjuvant treatment for early breast cancer characterized by hormone receptor-positive, HER2-negative status. Evidence Acquisition: PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Scopus were searched from 01. 01. 2000 to 31. 03. 2023. Original English articles reporting Patient preferences in adjuvant breast cancer treatment were retrieved based on predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Included studies were examined through a narrative synthesis approach, with descriptive statistics employed for analysis. Results: Out of 1163 articles reviewed, four met the inclusion criteria and were conducted in the USA, Canada, and the Netherlands. Attributes extracted from all studies included alopecia, sensory neuropathy, motor neuropathy, myalgia/arthralgia, nausea, vomiting, fatigue, neutropenia, mucositis/stomatitis, hand-foot syndrome, diarrhea, prevention of breast cancer recurrence, osteoporosis, risk of endometrial cancer, joint and muscle pain, fluid retention, libido decrease, hot flashes, ECG monitoring, efficacy, treatment regimen, 5-year invasive disease-free survival (iDFS), dosing schedule, and treatment duration. The most frequently reported attributes were side effects, efficacy, and treatment regimen. Systematic review was commonly used to determine which attributes and levels to include. The minimum number of attributes identified per study was seven, and the maximum was 12. Sample sizes ranged from 102 to 300, with none of the studies mentioning the method of sample size estimation. Ordinary Least Squares, logistic regression, and hierarchical Bayes regression were the most frequent analysis methods. Conclusions: Side effects, 5-year iDFS, and treatment regimen are three attributes identified for conducting discrete choice experiment studies. Utilizing conjoint analysis to assess Patient preferences for breast cancer treatment can aid in selecting optimal treatment regimens and improving Patient adherence. Moreover, adhering to guidelines for developing experimental designs and conducting data analysis is essential for yielding robust results when employing preference elicitation methods.

Background: Anesthesiology plays a major role in developing preoperative Patient care. As the field of anesthesiology improves, the options to apply better anesthetic procedures emerge. Furthermore, Neuraxial anesthesia increases the chances of better outcome for the Patients. However, neuraxial anesthesia has not become yet the favorite choice of anesthesia method by all physicians and Patients. Objectives: The aim of present study was to assess elective orthopedic trauma Patient’ s preference on the choice of anesthesia method and their primary reasons for their choices. Methods: Overall, 170 adult Patients underwent elective orthopedic surgery after encountering various orthopedic traumas. It is important to note that the Patients entered the study in a prospective cross sectional manner during a period of six months. A structured questionnaire consisting of two parts was used to interview the Patients. The first part included the demographic data and the preferred anesthesia technique and the reasons for supporting these techniques. The second part was designed to assess the level of knowledge regarding the anesthesia methods. Results: Amongst 171 Patients, 104 (60. 8%) chose regional anesthesia (RA) in comparison to 67 (39. 2%), who preferred general anesthesia (GA). The correlation between age and choice of anesthesia was significant (P = 0. 001). Level of education did not affect the preferred choice of anesthesia (P = 0. 651) nor the satisfaction score (P = 0. 363). The satisfaction score with respect to received anesthesia was 9. 29 1. 03 in the RA group and 8. 7 1. 29 in the GA Patients (P = 0. 004). Conclusions: The current findings suggested that regional anesthesia was the most preferred satisfactory technique among orthopedic Patients, especially older Patients.

Purpose: To compare Rose-K and conventional RGP contact lenses in terms of visual acuity, visual function and comfort in keratoconus Patients.Method: Fifty-four Patients with keratoconus were randomly fitted with Rose-K and conventional RGP contact lens (Wohlk contact lens), by one experienced ophthalmologist using a standard (three touch point) approach. General and demographic information, KR values, far and near visual acuity without and with contact lenses, daily contact lens wearing time, daily need for lens removal, Patient comfort with contact lens, and visual function score(based on VFQ-25 questionnaire) at initial and follow up visits were measured and compared.Results: Both Rose-K and conventional RGP (Wohlk) lenses improved far and near visual acuity in all Patients and there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups (P=0.88).Daily contact lens wearing time and Patients comfort with lenses was greater in the Rose-K group (P<0.001). Daily need for lens removal was almost equal in the two groups (mean=1.4 hr, P=0.83). There was significant improvement in visual function in all Patients with use of contact lenses, but there was no significant difference between the two groups (p=0.45).Conclusion: Both lenses improve visual acuity and function in Patients with keratoconus, but Rose-K lenses are a good therapeutic alternative for rehabilitation of keratoconus Patients; they offer more comfort in comparison to conventional RGP contact lenses.

Background: There are important differences regarding cancer disclosure in various geographical populations (Europeans, Western Asia, Eastern Asia), depending on multiple sociocultural factors, and therefore, there is no standard protocol on this issue, especially in Iran. Objectives: To evaluate the amount of information that Iranian Patients have and their preference for the disclosure of the cancer diagnosis. Patients and Methods: In this cross sectional descriptive research, Patients admitted in the oncology departments of 3 referral medical centers, Imam Hussein, Shohada-e-Tajrish and Modarres, in Tehran, from March 2007 to April 2008, were questioned about their awareness and knowledge regarding their diagnosis. Two different structured questionnaires were designed for the people who know and who didn't know their diagnosis. For the former, the survey concerned their psychological reactions to their situations, whether they would prefer to know about their diagnosis and by whom they are preferred to be informed. For the latter, the questionnaire included their preference whether to know the diagnosis and their current emotional state. Descriptive statistics and chi square test was applied to analyze gathering Data, using SPSS version 14. Results: 60. 3% of the Patients knew their diagnosis. Among the subjects who did not know their diagnosis, 88% preferred to be more informed about their diagnosis and 68% had some psychological reaction to their situations. Among the subjects who knew their diagnosis, 92. 1 % preferred to know their diagnosis, 73. 6% preferred to be informed directly by their physicians. Following the diagnostic disclosure, 81. 5% reported that they had felt nervous, anxious and worried. Conclusions: The majority of Iranian Patients with malignancy want to know the truth and they prefer to be informed directly by their doctors.

Purpose: To evaluate the evidence that could help health system policy makers to approach the preference for same-gender urologists. Methods: We performed this systematic narrative review according to the PRISMA guidelines. We searched MEDLINE, Web of science, EMBASE, CINAHL and Google Scholar for articles focused on the preference for Patient-urologist gender similarity in the male-dominated department from 1999-2019. Finally, a narrative synthesis of studies meeting the inclusion and quality criteria was conducted in accordance with the nature of the evidences. We applied a thematic analysis using inductive approach for synthesizing studies employing heterogeneous research methods and designs. Results: Of 208 titles and abstracts screened, 23 were included and three major themes including reasons, impacts, and implications were identified. Overall, Patients with urologic problems prefer same gender urologists and females were more likely to prefer the same gender urologist than males. Many women delays care due to a perceived lack of female urologists. The major identified reasons for the same-gender preference are religious believes, cultural background, emotional relationship, past experiences, and sensitive examinations. The results indicate that the urologists-Patients gender similarity improves the quality of primary care. Our review reveled that urologists prefer to perform more same gender-specific procedures. Besides, female urologist and residents perceived to underestimate from their male counterparts. Conclusion: This study could help health system to honor the Patient’ s preference for same gender urologist. The findings may help medical education and health policy makers to move the male-dominated urology departments towards a culture supportive of female urologists.